Using Geographic Information System (GIS) Mapping of Latino Maternal and Child Health Data in Multnomah County

BACKGROUND:  The use of Geographic Information System (GIS) maps in public health surveillance and program planning has become increasingly popular.  In particular, GIS maps have been effective in determining the geographic distribution of protective and risk factors as well as outcomes regarding maternal and child health.  Such maps assist public health and community-based programs in identifying where prevention and intervention services are needed and are also very useful in tracking the movement of at-risk populations over time.   The purpose of this project is to develop a series of GIS maps that examine risk factors, protective factors and birth outcomes among Latina mothers and their children and the geographic distribution of these factors and outcomes across Multnomah County.   

METHODS:  Using a Life Course Theory perspective and framework, this series of maps examine the distribution of nativity among mothers (US-born and foreign-born), teen moms, healthy weight prior to pregnancy, diabetes before pregnancy, prenatal care in the first trimester, gestational diabetes, small for gestational age, low birth weight and prematurity.  Maps were created using ArcGIS 10.1 using data from Oregon Vital Statistics (2011-2013).   The maps use hot-spot analysis (using the Getis-Ord Gi*statistic) to determine if clusters of individuals are statistically significant.  

RESULTS:  The maps show the geographic distribution and clustering or “hot spots” of different factors and indicators related to maternal and child health among Latina mothers and their children.  Distributions of different factors and indicators show concentrations predominantly in East Multnomah County and within specific neighborhoods.  

CONCLUSIONS:  GIS maps are an important and intrinsic part of public health surveillance and program planning.