Community Assessments in Response to the California Drought

Tuesday, June 21, 2016: 2:00 PM
Tikahtnu E, Dena'ina Convention Center
Jason Wilken , California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA
Tracy Barreau , California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA
Svetlana Smorodinsky , California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA
Rebecca Jackson , California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA
Rachel Roisman , California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA
Rick Kreutzer , California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA
BACKGROUND: The ongoing drought in California is among the most severe in the state’s history. The Governor of California declared a state of emergency in January 2015, and emergency proclamations have been declared by 63 city, county, tribal governments and special districts, enacting both voluntary and mandatory water use restrictions. Statewide, dry wells have impacted >13,000 residents, particularly consumers connected to small water systems or private wells. Characterizing the public health impacts associated with the drought requires capturing data across multiple domains including water use, mental health effects, exacerbations of chronic diseases, drought-related community beliefs and perceptions, utilization of social services; and impacts on household work, employment, finances, and behaviors.

METHODS: To advance this effort, the California Department of Public Health proposed identifying actionable interventions by conducting assessments of households in urban and semi-rural areas of 2 Sierra and Central Valley counties affected by drought. Assessments used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Community Assessment for Public Health Preparedness and Response (CASPER) method. CASPER uses a two-stage cluster sampling method using census blocks as clusters, with clusters selected from within sampling frames identified by county health departments. Interview teams conducted door-to-door surveys in these communities Oct and Nov, 2015, with seven households in each cluster, selected by systematic random sampling, to generate findings likely to be representative of the overall sampling frames’ households.

RESULTS: This session will review the process of mobilization of county and state resources to capture household-level data (i.e., demographics, knowledge and attitudes about the drought, utilization of social services, behavioral changes, access to water, and water conservation) to identify community knowledge gaps and perceptions, evaluate effectiveness of ongoing county public health initiatives addressing the drought, and better identify populations at risk.

CONCLUSIONS: The public health effects of drought in the United States are largely unknown.  Here, we will describe the process and results of a household-level community assessment of communities heavily impacted by the California drought designed to describe behavioral changes, water usage, and their impact on the health of the communities.